{"id":1057,"date":"2019-05-20T14:15:08","date_gmt":"2019-05-20T14:15:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/?p=1057"},"modified":"2019-05-23T04:00:39","modified_gmt":"2019-05-23T04:00:39","slug":"stoicismul-o-filosofie-pentru-mileniul-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/2019\/05\/20\/stoicismul-o-filosofie-pentru-mileniul-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Stoicismul, o filosofie pentru mileniul 3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mul\u021bi dintre cei 7.5 miliarde de oameni de pe Terra tr\u0103iesc \u00een cea mai bun\u0103 lume care a existat. Nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 e bun\u0103 pentru to\u021bi DAR e mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t a fost lumea p\u0103rin\u021bilor \u0219i bunicilor lor. Nu pentru pu\u021bini ci pentru o cov\u00e2r\u0219itoare majoritate. Via\u021ba e mai lung\u0103, foametea e pe cale de dispari\u021bie, oamenii \u2013 chiar \u0219i cei de venituri modeste \u2013 pot c\u0103l\u0103tori \u0219i vizita obiective turistice. <strong>Ar trebui s\u0103 fim ferici\u021bi <\/strong>\u2013 m\u0103car mai ferici\u021bi dec\u00e2t p\u0103rin\u021bii \u0219i bunicii no\u0219tri. Sau m\u0103car la fel de ferici\u021bi. <strong>NU SUNTEM<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Secolul XXI se remarc\u0103, simt eu, prin aceast\u0103 <em>continu\u0103 \u0219i profund\u0103 nemul\u021bumire<\/em>. Epoca \u0219tiin\u021bei \u0219i tehnologiei ne-a f\u0103cut s\u0103 <strong>credem c\u0103 putem controla orice aspect al existen\u021bei noastr\u0103<\/strong>. E imposibil, evident, dar cu aceast\u0103 promisiune oamenii s-au desprins de religie \u0219i de no\u021biunea de destin, de fatidic, de acceptarea lucrurilor rele care, inevitabil, ni se vor \u00eent\u00e2mpla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> Nu mai exist\u0103 accidente, exist\u0103 neglijen\u021be \u0219i vinova\u021bi<\/li><li> Nu mai exist\u0103 boli f\u0103r\u0103 solu\u021bie, exist\u0103 companii farmaceutice lacome care ascund leacul cancerului \u0219i companii de m\u00e2ncare unde angaja\u021bii (oameni ca noi) lucreaz\u0103 zi \u0219i noapte ca s\u0103 ne otr\u0103veasc\u0103<\/li><li> Nu mai exist\u0103 oameni cu bani, care-\u0219i \u00eenmul\u021besc u\u0219or averile, ci conspira\u021bii mondiale pentru a-i \u00eembog\u0103\u021bi \u0219.a.m.d.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Suntem tot mai neferici\u021bi de starea extern\u0103 a lucrurilor. Mai pu\u021bin de noi \u00een\u0219ine, de care suntem \u00eenc\u00e2nta\u021bi &#8211; ca \u0219i cum n-am fi un fir de nisip al unui pustiu plin de fire de nisip. Chiar \u0219i noi (cu preponderen\u021b\u0103?) cei ce avem acces la tot ce are mai bun lumea de oferit: gadget-uri de toate tipurile, aparatur\u0103 electrocasnic\u0103 prin care ne reducem enorm timpul de munc\u0103, vacan\u021be exotice anuale. Pe acest fundal de prosperitate care ne aduce doar nefericire \u0219i angoas\u0103 \u0219i alte emo\u021bii negative, trebuie s\u0103 \u00eentreb: \u201e<strong><em>Oare este de vin\u0103 lumea \u00een care tr\u0103im sau noi \u00een\u0219ine<\/em><\/strong>\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/800px-Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1058\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/800px-Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped.jpg 800w, http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/800px-Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/800px-Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/800px-Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Hadrian, 76 E.N. &#8211; 138 E.N., \u00eemp\u0103rat roman \u00eentre 117 \u0219i 138, unul din exponen\u021bii cei mai celebri ai STOICISMULUI.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>E o \u00eentrebare retoric\u0103. <strong>Dac\u0103 avem mai mult, tr\u0103im mai mult, m\u00e2nc\u0103 mai mult \u0219i mai exotic, muncim mai pu\u021bin comparativ cu str\u0103mo\u0219ii no\u0219tri, ce motiv real avem s\u0103 fim neferici\u021bi<\/strong>? \u0218i dac\u0103 totul \u2013 aceast\u0103 nefericire \u0219i suferin\u021b\u0103 &#8211; e numai \u00een mintea noastr\u0103, cum ne putem g\u0103si fericirea sau m\u0103car o mul\u021bumire care s\u0103 creeze acea pace \u00een care fericirea poate prinde r\u0103d\u0103cini? Pute\u021bi pl\u0103ti psihologi care s\u0103 v\u0103 explice prin teorii savante ce nu merge \u2013 ca apoi s\u0103 fi\u021bi neferici\u021bi de banii irosi\u021bi \u2013 sau pute\u021bi s\u0103 arunca\u021bi un ochi peste filosofia stoicismului care acum peste 2200 de ani d\u0103dea r\u0103spunsuri nefericirii moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nu vorbesc din teorie ci din experien\u021bele cobaiului num\u0103rul 1 pentru mine: eu \u00eensumi. <strong>Mi-am petrecut o bun\u0103 parte din via\u021b\u0103 pun\u00e2ndu-m\u0103 singur pe drumul nefericirii<\/strong>. \u00cencercam s\u0103 controlez lucrurile pe care nu le puteam controla, ceream prea mult de la oameni, vedeam o pr\u0103pastie \u00een orice e\u0219ec \u0219i-mi am\u0103ram zilele \u0219i nop\u021bile rumeg\u00e2nd la \u201eghinionul\u201d meu. A fost nevoie s\u0103 trec prin traume ad\u00e2nci (subiectiv &#8220;ad\u00e2nci&#8221;, ad\u00e2nci pentru mine) \u0219i mult\u0103 analiz\u0103 ca s\u0103 ajung s\u0103-mi reevaluez via\u021ba, s\u0103-mi pot num\u0103ra binecuv\u00e2nt\u0103rile, s\u0103 pornesc \u00eentr-un final pe drumul mul\u021bumirii. Nu pot spune c\u0103 m-am desprins complet de cel din trecut \u2013 am momente c\u00e2nd (cu motiv real sau unul mai imaginar) m\u0103 plasez \u00een col\u021bul negativit\u0103\u021bii&#8230; dar nu mai stau acolo. <strong>\u00cemi for\u021bez mintea s\u0103 enumere toate lucrurile bune din via\u021ba mea, s\u0103 deslu\u0219easc\u0103 ce nu e \u00een puterea mea sau, c\u00e2nd fusese \u00een puterea mea \u0219i nu m-am str\u0103duit destul, s\u0103 re\u021bin o lec\u021bie \u0219i, GATA!, sunt din nou pe drumul stabil al mul\u021bumirii<\/strong>. \u0218i \u0219tiu c\u0103 at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t stau pe acest drum am \u0219ansa s\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnesc \u0219i fericirea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iat\u0103 10 reguli\nexplicate ale stoicismului (\u0219i comentariile mele):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een armonie cu natura (umanit\u0103\u021bii)<\/strong>. Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 asta? Epictetus, un lider al mi\u0219c\u0103rii explic\u0103 astfel ideea (o contrag \u00een cuvintele mele): ne spune c\u0103 Omul, fiin\u021b\u0103 ra\u021bional\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 se deosebeasc\u0103 de oaie \u0219i, totodat\u0103, de animalul s\u0103lbatic. \u00cen ce sens? <strong>S\u0103 nu fim asemeni oilor <\/strong>l\u0103s\u00e2ndu-ne prad\u0103 dorin\u021belor bur\u021bii sau pasiunilor instinctive, s\u0103 nu ne l\u0103s\u0103m ac\u021biunile noastre s\u0103 fie aleatoare, degradante sau lipsite de considera\u021bie pentru ceilal\u021bi. Dac\u0103 facem aceasta ne distrugem capacitatea de ra\u021biona \u2013 ceea ce ne diferen\u021biaz\u0103 de animale. Dar nici s\u0103 nu fim asemeni animalului s\u0103lbatic care, agresiv, m\u00e2nios, se n\u0103puste\u0219te asupra celor din jur.<br> <strong>Dac\u0103 ne l\u0103s\u0103m purta\u021bi de instincte \u2013 lene\u0219e sau tic\u0103loase \u2013 ne reject\u0103m Ra\u021biunea. Dac\u0103 ne neg\u0103m Ra\u021biunea, ne neg\u0103m umanitatea<\/strong>. <\/li><li><strong>&nbsp;Tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een virtute<\/strong>. C\u00e2nd tr\u0103ie\u0219ti virtuos, tr\u0103ie\u0219ti Via\u021ba Bun\u0103. Pentru stoici existau 4 virtu\u021bi fundamentale:<ol><li><em>\u00cen\u021belepciunea sau Pruden\u021ba<\/em>: cump\u0103tare \u00eenainte de ac\u021biune, judecat\u0103 solid\u0103 dup\u0103 cugetare profund\u0103, bun sim\u021b<\/li><\/ol><ol><li><em>Justi\u021bie sau Corectitudine<\/em>: s\u0103 ai o inim\u0103 bun\u0103, s\u0103 fii binevoitor cu semenii t\u0103i, s\u0103 faci lucruri pentru cei din jur, s\u0103 fii corect \u00een afaceri<\/li><\/ol><ol><li><em>Curaj sau Fortitudine<\/em>: perseveren\u021b\u0103, onestitate, \u00eencredere \u00een sine<\/li><\/ol><ol><li><em>Auto-disciplin\u0103 sau Modera\u021bie<\/em>: ordine \u00een via\u021ba personal\u0103, auto-control, iertare, modestie<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen viziunea stoicilor, o persoan\u0103 virtuoas\u0103 practica TOATE aceste virtu\u021bi. Virtutea, \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea lor, nu este un bufet din care alegi ce dore\u0219ti \u2013 e totul-sau-nimic. Iar virtutea este \u00eens\u0103\u0219i r\u0103splata pentru o via\u021b\u0103 virtuoas\u0103 \u2013 e drumul care conduce la ceea ce stoicii numesc <strong><em>Via\u021ba Bun\u0103<\/em><\/strong>. Nu trebuie s\u0103 a\u0219tep\u021bi nici o recompens\u0103 pentru practicarea virtu\u021bilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deprimarea zilelor noastre este, din ce am v\u0103zut \u0219i citit \u0219i auzit (excluz\u00e2nd cazurile clinice), provocat\u0103 de acea plictiseal\u0103 a vie\u021bii lipsite de sens. To\u021bi a\u0219tept\u0103m ceva: un c\u00ee\u0219tig la loterie, o mare iubire, ceva indefinit care s\u0103 dea excitare \u0219i pasiune vie\u021bii noastre. <strong>Ne imagin\u0103m c\u0103 pl\u0103cerea ne va aduce fericire<\/strong>. Ne \u00eenglod\u0103m \u00een datorii pentru a ne oferi pl\u0103ceri pe care nu ni le putem permite \u0219i \u00een loc de fericire g\u0103sim depresie provocat de un sentiment de futilitate \u0219i de presiuni financiare. \u0218i-n loc s\u0103 ne oprim, repet\u0103m re\u021beta, de multe ori pe o scar\u0103 amplificat\u0103: dac\u0103 ma\u0219ina aia de 25.000 euro nu \u021bi-a adus dec\u00e2t o scurt\u0103 pl\u0103cere poate cea de 50.000 \u00ee\u021bi va aduce pl\u0103cerea de durat\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen acela\u0219i timp ignor\u0103m cu \u00eend\u00e2rjire micile \u021beluri, \u00eent\u0103rirea virtu\u021bilor, singurele sensuri ale vie\u021bii care sunt tangibile pentru noi, cei de r\u00e2nd, f\u0103r\u0103 un destin special.  Asimilarea hedonismului ca mod de via\u021b\u0103, sau a frustr\u0103rii continue, precum \u0219i rejectarea micilor schimb\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea de structur\u0103, de esen\u021b\u0103 a vie\u021bii personale sunt o re\u021bet\u0103 de nefericire <br><br>VA URMA &#8211; click pentru a merge la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/2019\/05\/23\/stoicism-2\/\">partea a IIa<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mul\u021bi dintre cei 7.5 miliarde de oameni de pe Terra tr\u0103iesc \u00een cea mai bun\u0103 lume care a existat. Nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 e bun\u0103 pentru to\u021bi DAR e mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t a fost lumea p\u0103rin\u021bilor \u0219i bunicilor lor. Nu pentru pu\u021bini ci pentru o cov\u00e2r\u0219itoare majoritate. Via\u021ba e mai lung\u0103, foametea e pe cale de<span class=\"excerpt-ellipsis\">&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/2019\/05\/20\/stoicismul-o-filosofie-pentru-mileniul-3\/\" itemprop=\"url\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,7],"tags":[393,395,394],"class_list":["post-1057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-for-thought","category-knowledge","tag-hadrian","tag-nefericire","tag-stoicism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1057"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1057\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1064,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1057\/revisions\/1064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1057"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1057"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}