{"id":1427,"date":"2022-11-03T15:04:13","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T15:04:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/?p=1427"},"modified":"2022-11-17T16:16:15","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T16:16:15","slug":"utopia-soarecilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/2022\/11\/03\/utopia-soarecilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Utopia \u0219oarecilor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00centre 1968 \u0219i 1970, un etologist (om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care studiaz\u0103 comportamentul animalelor), John B. Calhoun, a purtat un experiment cu \u0219oareci care multora li se pare relevant pentru societatea \u00een care tr\u0103im. A creat un \u021barc numit <strong>UNIVERSUL 25 <\/strong>care poate fi descris ca &#8220;<em>o utopie pentru \u0219oareci<\/em>&#8220;. Mediul era lipsit de boli, de predatori, plin de confort (suficiente vizuine \u0219i locuri private), aprovizionat din bel\u0219ug cu m\u00e2ncare \u0219i ap\u0103. Experimentul a fost pornit cu c\u00e2teva perechi de \u0219oareci, perfect s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i. Calhoun teoretizase deja, \u00een 1962, c\u0103 suprapopularea va duce la o rupere a rela\u021biilor sociale, atitudine care, la r\u00e2ndul ei va duce la extinc\u021bie. Se a\u0219tepta s\u0103 confirme acest lucru \u00een experimentul s\u0103u, credea c\u0103 popula\u021bia va atinge maximul de 5000 (\u00eentr-un \u021barc g\u00e2ndit pentru 3000), cam \u00een 28 de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, dup\u0103 care va intra \u00een declin. <strong>Ce a observat \u00eens\u0103 a fost altceva: popula\u021bia a atins doar un maxim de 2200, dup\u0103 care a intrat \u00een extinc\u021bie<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.victorpest.com\/media\/Articles\/Victorpest\/What-Humans-Can-Learn-From-Calhouns-Utopia.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Iat\u0103 ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cen primele 104 zile \u0219oarecii s-au adaptat la noul mediu, \u0219i-au marcat teritoriul \u0219i \u0219i-au f\u0103cut cuiburile. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dup\u0103 aceasta au intrat \u00eentr-o faz\u0103 de exploatare a noului mediu, popula\u021bia dubl\u00e2ndu-se la fiecare 55 de zile. \u00cen a 315-a zi, popula\u021bia crescuse la 620. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>De\u0219i aveau multe op\u021biuni, vizuine, compartimente, \u0219oarecii nu se r\u0103sfirau ci alegeau s\u0103 se \u00eenghesuie \u00een anumite locuri comune \u0219i s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nce din acelea\u0219i surse. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aceast\u0103 \u00eenghesuial\u0103 a condus la sc\u0103derea \u00eemperecherii \u0219i cur\u00e2nd rata de na\u0219tere a sc\u0103zut la 1\/3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un dezechilibru social a ap\u0103rut \u00een societatea lor:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1\/3 au devenit dominan\u021bi social<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Celelalte dou\u0103 treimi au devenit mai pu\u021bin adep\u021bi social dec\u00e2t str\u0103mo\u0219ii lor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce rela\u021biile sociale s-au rupt, Universul 25 a intrat \u00eentr-un declin constant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u00e2n\u0103-n ziua 315 disparit\u0103\u021bile dintre masculii de status \u00eenalt \u0219i sc\u0103zut se m\u0103riser\u0103. <em>Cei de statut sc\u0103zut<\/em> erau ignora\u021bi de femele \u0219i au renun\u021bat \u00een a se mai \u00eemperechea. Nemaiav\u00e2nd un rol social, ace\u0219ti \u0219oareci s-au retras din grupuri, m\u00e2nc\u00e2nd \u0219i dormind singuri (uneori lupt\u00e2ndu-se unii cu al\u021bii). \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[AV] de observat fenomenul &#8220;INCEL&#8221;-ilor (involuntary celibate\/celibatar involuntar) &#8211; \u00een care tineri, speria\u021bi de izbucnirile sociale \u00een fa\u021ba oric\u0103rui avans c\u0103tre sexul opus, refuza\u021bi, st\u00e2ngaci, devin misogini \u0219i uneori \u00ee\u0219i vars\u0103 frustrarea \u00een acte de violen\u021b\u0103 \u00eempotriva femeilor. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> <em>Masculii alfa <\/em>au devenit mai agresivi, deseori lans\u00e2nd violen\u021b\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 provocare sau motiv. Uneori ace\u0219ti masculi cutreierau vizuinele viol\u00e2nd al\u021bi \u0219oareci, indiferent de sexul acestora. Totodat\u0103, <em>masculii beta <\/em>(cei afla\u021bi la mijlocul sc\u0103rii sociale) au devenit mai timizi \u0219i iner\u021bi \u0219i deseori deveneau recipien\u021bii pasivi ai violen\u021bei <em>masculilor alfa<\/em>. \u00cen c\u00e2teva instan\u021be de violen\u021b\u0103 lucrurile se terminau cu ospe\u021be canibale pentru \u00eenving\u0103tori (de amintit c\u0103 to\u021bi \u0219oarecii aveau hran\u0103 suficient\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cen urma abandon\u0103rii de c\u0103tre masculi a rolulilor tradi\u021bionale, <em>femelele <\/em>au r\u0103mas singure s\u0103-\u0219i protejeze cuiburile. Multe femele au adoptat forme de comportament agresive care erau deseori \u00eendreptate \u00eempotriva puilor lor. Altele \u0219i-au abandonat complet datoriile materne, alung\u00e2nd puii necrescu\u021bi \u0219i refuz\u00e2nd s\u0103 se mai \u00eemperecheze, cu consecin\u021be majore: \u00een unele compartimente, mortalitatea infantil\u0103 a crescut la 100%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cen ziua 560 cre\u0219terea popula\u021biei s-a oprit, mortalitatea ajung\u00e2nd la 100% din natalitate. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acest punct a marcat \u00eenceperea unei faze de exctinc\u021bie. Cresc\u00e2nd \u00een violen\u021b\u0103, ostilitate, lipsa \u00eemperecherii, noua genera\u021bie de \u0219oareci ajungea la maturitate f\u0103r\u0103 a fi expu\u0219i rela\u021biilor normale, s\u0103n\u0103toase. Lipsi\u021bi de conceptul de \u00eemperechere, parentaj, marcare a teritoriului, aceast\u0103 genera\u021bie \u00ee\u0219i petreceau toate orele zilei m\u00e2nc\u00e2nd, b\u00e2nd \u0219i \u00eengrijindu-se. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Calhoun \u00eei numea &#8220;\u0219oarecii frumo\u0219i&#8221; &#8211; datorit\u0103 aparen\u021bei \u00eengrijire \u0219i lipsa cicatricilor din lupte. Retr\u0103g\u00e2ndu-se din zonele aglomerate, erau scuti\u021bi de violen\u021b\u0103 dar nu mai aduceau nici o contribu\u021bie social\u0103. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Calhoun a definit, \u00een procesul de extinc\u021bie dou\u0103 faze &#8211; &#8220;<em>prima moarte<\/em>&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;<em>a doua moarte<\/em>&#8220;. Prima moarte e definit\u0103 de aceast\u0103 pierdere de sens \u00een via\u021b\u0103 dincolo de simpla supravie\u021buire: lipsa dorin\u021bei de a se \u00eemperechea, a cre\u0219te pui sau de a-\u0219i stabili un rol \u00een societate. A doua moarte este cea real\u0103, extinc\u021bia fizic\u0103. \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[AV] Ar fi at\u00e2tea de spus aici. Millenials (cei n\u0103scu\u021bi \u00eentre 1981 \u0219i 1996) au sex foarte rar (citi\u021bi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife\/article\/20221019-the-millennials-in-sexless-marriages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">acest articol BBC<\/a>). \u00cen Japonia 50% dintre cei ajun\u0219i la 30 de ani sunt virgini! \u0218i 25% din cei ajun\u0219i la 40!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[AV} Aceast\u0103 lips\u0103 de sens afecteaz\u0103 vizibil tinerii din ziua de azi, cel pu\u021bin pe cei din \u021b\u0103rile bogate. Sunt deprima\u021bi, abulici, procrastinatori. De 3-4 decade propov\u0103duim hedonismul &#8211; c\u0103utarea pl\u0103cerii \u00een via\u021b\u0103 &#8211; \u0219i pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cre\u0219tem pl\u0103cerea ne confrunt\u0103m cu tot mai mult\u0103 deprimare. De aceea oameni ca Jordan Peterson promoveaz\u0103 c\u0103utarea sensului \u00een via\u021b\u0103, nu a pl\u0103cerii. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Calhoun puncteaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u0219oarecii, ca \u0219i oamenii, au nevoie de un sim\u021b al identit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i de sens \u00een via\u021b\u0103. Argumenteaz\u0103 c\u0103 experien\u021be de tensiune, stress, anxietate \u0219i necesitatea de a supravie\u021bui ne for\u021beaz\u0103 s\u0103 ne implic\u0103m \u00een sociatate, deci s\u0103 supravie\u021buim. C\u00e2nd toate nevoile ne sunt \u00eemplinite \u0219i nu mai exist\u0103 conflict extern, via\u021ba e redus\u0103 la minimul necesar &#8211; somn \u0219i m\u00e2ncare<\/strong>. \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>E paradoxul unei vie\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 munc\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 conflict &#8211; noi credem c\u0103 ne-ar fi minunat dar \u00een fapt ne-ar distruge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2nd individului i se ia sim\u021bul necesit\u0103\u021bii via\u021ba lui \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 aib\u0103 un sens<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Individul moare \u00een spirit \u0219i asta duce la extinc\u021bia societ\u0103\u021bii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Treptat, \u0219oarecii care refuzau s\u0103 se \u00eemperecheze au dep\u0103\u0219it num\u0103rul celor care se adunau \u00een g\u0103\u0219ti violente, care violau \u0219i jefuiau, care-\u0219i omorau puii. Ultima na\u0219tere \u00een Universul 25 s-a petrecut \u00een ziua 920. Popula\u021bia abia ajunsese la 2200 (mediul fusese g\u00e2ndit pentru 3000). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toate acestea sunt un rezumat al <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.victorpest.com\/articles\/what-humans-can-learn-from-calhouns-rodent-utopia\" target=\"_blank\">acestui articol<\/a> (pentru cei ce citesc \u00een englez\u0103, de\u0219i se poate folosi &#8220;Tradu aceast\u0103 pagin\u0103&#8221;).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00centre 1968 \u0219i 1970, un etologist (om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care studiaz\u0103 comportamentul animalelor), John B. Calhoun, a purtat un experiment cu \u0219oareci care multora li se pare relevant pentru societatea \u00een care tr\u0103im. A creat un \u021barc numit UNIVERSUL 25 care poate fi descris ca &#8220;o utopie pentru \u0219oareci&#8220;. Mediul era lipsit de boli, de<span class=\"excerpt-ellipsis\">&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/2022\/11\/03\/utopia-soarecilor\/\" itemprop=\"url\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[487,486,488],"class_list":["post-1427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary","category-food-for-thought","tag-experimentul-lui-calhoun","tag-soareci","tag-utopia-soarecilor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1427"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1432,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427\/revisions\/1432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.2link.ca\/newblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}